hive默認將元數據存儲到本地內嵌的Derby數據庫中，但是Derby不支持多會話鏈接，因此我們使用mysql數據庫來存儲hive的元數據。配置完成hiveSQL的元數據庫之后再開始安裝、配置hive。

1、在線安裝mysql

安裝命令為

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

當出現下面提示選擇的時候輸入y 同意繼續安裝

hduser@master:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree       

Reading state information... Done

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:

  linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic

  linux-headers-4.13.0-41 linux-headers-4.13.0-41-generic

  linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-41-generic

  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-41-generic

Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.

The following additional packages will be installed:

  libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7

  mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7

Suggested packages:

  libipc-sharedcache-perl mailx tinyca

The following NEW packages will be installed:

  libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7

  mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.7

  mysql-server-core-5.7

0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 101 not upgraded.

Need to get 18.1 MB of archives.

After this operation, 161 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

然后安裝繼續執行，輸出如下內容，完成安裝。中間會有讓設置root密碼提示，輸入密碼按向下的方向鍵確認，然后再輸入一次確認密碼

Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [15.4 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.110-2 [6,356 B]

Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [6,425 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [1,673 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [7,268 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libevent-core-2.0-5 amd64 2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1 [70.6 kB]

Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [2,583 kB]

Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.95-2 [60.4 kB]

Get:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server all 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [10.8 kB]

Fetched 18.1 MB in 1min 56s (155 kB/s)                                         

Preconfiguring packages ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.

(Reading database ... 285825 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-common_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-5.7.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.7.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-5.7.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../libevent-core-2.0-5_2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...

Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...

Setting up mysql-common (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.7.

(Reading database ... 285993 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-template-perl.

Preparing to unpack .../libhtml-template-perl_2.95-2_all.deb ...

Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...

Setting up libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...

Setting up mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Setting up mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Setting up mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Setting up libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Setting up mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode

Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)

Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...

Setting up mysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...

使用如下命令登錄MySQL服務器。在提示輸入密碼的地方輸入剛才設置的root密碼

hduser@master:/etc/network$ mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| sys                |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2、在Mysql中創建hive元數據數據庫

創建hive數據庫

mysql> create database hive;

將hive數據庫的所有權限賦給hive用戶

mysql> create user 'hive'@'%' identified by 'hive';

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'%' with grant option;

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql> use hive;

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;

注：在ubuntu中，默認情況下MySQL只允許本底登陸，所以需要修改配置文件將地址綁定注釋掉

sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

#bind-address     = 127.0.0.1 #注釋掉

3、安裝hive

下載最新穩定版hive  

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hive/hive-2.3.3/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz

上傳到master節點的/home/hduser/Downloads目錄下

解壓

tar -zxvf Downloads/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz 

更改安裝文件名稱

hduser@master:~$ mv apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/ ./hive

hduser@master:~$

配置用戶環境變量

vim ~/.bashrc

在文件末尾添加如下內容

#HIVE

export HIVE_HOME=/home/hduser/hive

export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

最后重新導入環境變量

source ~/.bashrc

注：通過source方法只是臨時重置了系統環境變量，若想系統環境變量永久生效重啟是不錯的方法

4、配置hive參數

配置hive-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

 <!--指定元數據庫連接信息-->

<property>

    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

    <value>jdbc:mysql://master:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

    <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

  </property>

<!--指定元數據庫連接驅動程序主類-->

  <property>

    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

    <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

    <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

  </property>

<!--指定元數據庫用戶名-->

  <property>

    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

    <value>hive</value>

    <description>username to use against metastore database</description>

  </property>

<!--指定元數據庫用戶密碼-->

  <property>

    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

    <value>hive</value>

    <description>password to use against metastore database</description>

  </property>

</configuration>

我們也可指定某個文件夾來存放元數據

<property>

     <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

     <value>/home/hduser/hive/warehouse</value>

     <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>

 </property>

下載mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz，下載鏈接為

https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz

將其解壓后在文件夾中選擇mysql-connector-java-5.1.46-bin.jar上傳到master節點的/home/hduser/Downloads目錄下。最后將JDBC文件放到hive的lib文件夾內即可。

5、啟動hive

Hive數據存儲到HDFS上，因此要先啟動hadoop

start-all.sh

格式化hive

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

啟動hive命令行

hive

HiveSQL的優點是學習成本低，可以通過類似SQL語句實現快速MapReduce統計，使MapReduce變得更加簡單，而不必開發專門的MapReduce應用程序。hive是十分適合數據倉庫的統計分析和Windows注冊表文件。